Topic 6 of 15, EHL Maths & Excel final (AP)
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IF, IFS, AND, OR
IF tests a condition and returns one result if it is true and another if it is false. IFS checks several conditions in order. AND and OR combine two or more conditions inside IF.
When the exam asks for it
- “if … then …”, “classify”, “label as High / Low”
- “and”, “both”, “at the same time” → AND
- “or”, “at least one”, “any of the two” → OR
- “at least 600” → >=600 (600 included)
- “at most 150” → <=150 (150 included)
Formulas
IF on its own
=IF(logical_test, output_if_true, output_if_false)Example
=IF(A2>=600, "High", "Low")Example
=IF(A2<=150, "Within budget", "Over budget")IFS
=IFS(condition1, output1, condition2, output2, condition3, output3)IF + AND (both must be true)
=IF(AND(B2="Platinum", C2>=3), "Late checkout", "Standard checkout")IF + OR (one is enough)
=IF(OR(B2="Business", C2="Family"), "Free parking", "Paid parking")Equal / not equal
= <>Greater than / or equal
> >=Less than / or equal
< <=Worked example
B6fx
=IFS(A2>=90, "A", A2>=75, "B", A2>=60, "C", TRUE, "Fail")| A | B | C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Score | Grade | |
| 2 | 93 | A | |
| 3 | 75 | B | |
| 4 | 61 | C | |
| 5 | 48 | Fail | |
| 6 |
Sheet1
⬇ Download practice ExcelExample, Practice and Answers sheets with working formulas. Free.
Step by step
=IFS(A2>=90, "A", A2>=75, "B", A2>=60, "C", TRUE, "Fail")start with the highest threshold; TRUE at the end catches everything else=IF(AND(B2="Platinum", C2>=3), ...)Platinum and 3 nights → Late checkout; Platinum and 2 nights → Standard checkout=IF(OR(B2="Business", C2="Family"), ...)a Business guest in any room type still gets Free parking
⚠ Exam traps
- “At least” → >=, “more than” → >, “at most” → <=, “less than” → <.
- Text in conditions and results needs quotes: B2="Platinum".
- AND needs every condition to be true; OR needs only one.
- In IFS, a lower threshold first (A2>=60 before A2>=90) gives the wrong grade for high scores.
- Without a final TRUE condition, IFS returns #N/A when no condition is met.
Practice question
Guest B2 = "Platinum", nights C2 = 3. What does =IF(AND(B2="Platinum", C2>=3), "Late checkout", "Standard checkout") return?
Show answer
✓ Late checkout. Both conditions are true, and 3 is included because of >=.
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